POLAR pulzusmérő, edzés dokumentáló |
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Polar Pacer pulzusmérő és egy lovaknak kifejlesztett speciális jeladó, mely ugyanazon az elven működik, mint a humán felhasználásúak. Vezeték nélküli összeköttetés, EKG-pontosság. Funkciók: folyamatos pulzuskontroll - Edzésidő - Edzésfile: átlagpulzus, teljes edzésidő, stopper, pontos idő, háttérvilágítás. Alkalmazza a pulzuskontroll edzés előnyeit lova kondíciójának megőrzéséhez, teljesítménynövezéshez, regeneráló edzésekhez.. |
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Humán Polar S625x pulzusmérő óra lovakra kifejlesztett T52H kódolt jeladóval felszerelve. Az elérhető leghatékonyabb tréningeszköz. A mellékelt Polar Protrainer 5. Equine szoftver lehetővé teszi az edzés, terhelés számítógépes elemzését. óriási memória, 5, 15, 60 sec-es pulzusmintavétel, infravörös memórialetöltés, köridő, részidő mérés, pulzusmegnyugvás mérése és tárolása, akár egész heti terhelési adatok eltárolása. Az edzések a mellékelt egyedülálló, lovas edzésekre továbbfejlesztett szoftverrel összehasonlíthatóak a továbbiakban referenciaként is használhatóak. Használatával elkerülhető a túleddzettség, könnyebben kiszürhető a betegség. A Polar Equine Inzone szet használatával lovaglás közben is betarthatjuk az edzés/terhelés céljának megfelelő pulzuscélzónát. A Polar Equine Healthcheck pulzusmérő szettel EKG pontosságú információhoz juthat lova fizikai kondíciójáról. Abnormális nyugalmi vagy megnyugvási pulzusértékek azonnal figyelmeztetnek az olyan veszélyekre, mint a betegség, túleddzettség, fáradtság. Összehasonlítva ugyanabban az időben mért és a normálisnak vélt értékeket, egy új megbízható módját adja a lóval való kommunikációnak, segít a helyes döntésben, mielőtt nagyobb baj történne. Polar Equine RS800CXG3 pulzusmérő szet #645 A 6. generációs Polar a W.I.N.D. rendszerre épül, mely kiküszöböli a rádiókapcsolatnál eddig megszokott rossz jeleket, mivel 2,4Ghz-en megy ezentúl a jelátvitel, ezt alkalmazza a 3 csúcs óra a bringás CS600 és a futó RS800 és az RS800CX is. RS800CX a csúcs multisport órája a POLAR-nak. Tudása a csúcs futó RS800 és a top kerékpáros CS600 egybe. Amit nem tud az a CS600 wattmérője, amit viszont mindkettő óra felett tud az a navigációs GPS-es edzésútvonal letöltése. Így mostantól nemcsak az adott időpontban vagy távolságban tudhatjuk meg pulzusunk, sebességünk, pedálfordulatunk, magasságunk, a hőmérsékletet, hanem ezt hozzá is tudjuk kötni egy útponthoz. Így edzéseinket jóval kiterjedtebb összefüggésekbe elemezhetjük. The Accuracy of Traditional Manual Methods of taking Equine Heart Rates, when compared with Electronic Methods, using a Polar Heart Rate Monitor Contents
pg. 4 1.0 ABSTRACT 5 2.0 INTRODUCTION 6 3.0 METHOD 8 3.1 Subjects 8 3.2 Materials 9 3.3 Data collection 9 11 4.0 RESULTS 12 5.0 DISCUSSION 16 6.0 CONCLUSION 19 7.0 REFERENCE LIST 20 8.0 APPENDICES 21 8.1 Raw data 21 8.2 1F dressage test 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Tania Churchill would like to acknowledge and thank the following for their valuable assistance in the development of this report: ˇ Ben Wisbey (ACTAS Sports Scientist) ˇ Mike Nunan (Manager of Performance Matters) 1. Abstract Five dressage trained horses each conducted two trials, each trial consisted of a warm up, then the preliminary 1F dressage test was ridden. This test takes approximately six minutes to complete. Heart rates were taken at two minutes, four minutes, and six minutes intervals during the test. Recovery heart rates were taken at two minutes, four minutes, six minutes and ten minutes intervals after the completion of the test. Two different manual methods of taking heart rates- counting the beats with a stethoscope for 10 (BPM10) and 30 seconds (BPM30)- were compared to an electronic method using a Polar heart rate monitor (POLAR). The manual raw data was multiplied by the appropriate number to convert it into beats per minute (bpm). The electronic and manual data were entered into a spreadsheet, and analysed statistically using SPSS statistical package. The mean value for data recorded for BPM10 was 49.8. For BPM30 the mean is 46.25. The mean for POLAR is 63.6. The difference between the following pairs; BPM10 and BMP30; BPM10 and POLAR; and BMP30 and POLAR, were all shown to be statistically significant, using a paired samples t test (a =0.05). The results show that the higher the heart rate measured by POLAR, the more inaccurate the manual methods become. BPM10 and BPM30 are reasonably accurate to values of 40bpm; at values over 60bpm they become increasingly inaccurate. BPM10 is slightly more accurate the BPM30, particularly in values over 40bpm. 2.0 Introduction Heart rate is a major variable that is frequently determined when evaluating athletic horses during exercise and recovery (Evans, 2000). Therefore, establishing a reliable means of measurement of heart rate is of great importance. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. There is a close relationship between oxygen uptake and heart rate, allowing the use of heart rate to assess the demand the exercise is placing on the horse. Heart rate increases proportionally to work (Evans, 1985). Heart rate monitoring is one of the most reliable and widely used methods on non-invasively evaluating the physiological demands experienced by a horse during a training session (McKeever 1989). Monitoring of heart rates is a common practice in most aspects of the equine sports industry. Until recently, a horse’s heart rate could only be measured manually, usually with the use of a stethoscope and a watch. Modern technology has led to the development of several electronic heart rate monitoring devices that measures the time between electronic pulses of the beating heart. The Polar heart rate monitor, which is used in this research, uses two electrodes for measurement, one placed on the left side of the withers, and the other at the girth on the left side of the horse. This allows an instantaneous measurement of heart rate to be displayed to a heart rate receiver attached to the rider’s wrist (Craig and Nunan 1998). It is proposed that all forms of manual heart rate assessment are inaccurate, leading to false analysis and conclusions during training. If modern scientific training principles are to be applied in day to day training, an accurate method of assessing heart rate needs to be established. The heart monitor used to assess actual heart rate was a Polar Horse-Trainer transmitter with a Polar Accurex Plus receiver. This transmitter was shown to have a significant correlation (p<0.001) with the telemetric ECG determination of heart rate (Holopherne, et. al. 2000) when used on horses at varying heart rates. This research was conducted to meet an absence of available data on the accuracy of manual heart rate evaluation methods. As it is believed that the majority of heart rate measurements in the equine industry are still done by the use of a number of manual methods, it is important that the accuracy of this method be assessed. This has practical implications in the industry. Are heart rates worth monitoring if only manual methods are available? Two common methods for obtaining manual heart rates involve counting the number of beats heard with a stethoscope for a timed period of ten, or thirty seconds. The resulting value is then multiplied by the appropriate number to express the value in beats per minute (bpm). Heart rates can drop considerably in 30 seconds once exercise has ceased (Ackland 1998). It is therefore proposed, that by counting the heart beats for thirty seconds, an average will be obtained, as during those thirty seconds, the heart rate can drop considerably. This would also be true, to a lesser extent, when counting the beats for ten seconds. As it is important to gain a picture of the horses heart rate whilst it is working at a particular intensity, it can be seen that taking a manual heart rate over ten or thirty seconds is likely to be less useful than the instantaneous result that the electronic heart rate monitor can provide. Although the racing industry uses heart rates extensively as a training tool, up till now the use of such technology in the sport of dressage has been very limited. Dressage is a very popular equestrian sport, and Australia is gradually becoming more competitive as a nation. It is believed that scientific training principles will become increasingly prevalent in the dressage industry over the next few years. To facilitate this, studies need to be done focusing on the area of dressage. For this reason, the study examined the accuracy of manual heart rate methods during the course of a dressage test. Due to the type of work involved in a dressage test, all heart rates were below 125bpm. 3. Method The hypothesis was tested using a repeated measures test: one group design. 3.1 Subjects: 5 horses were used, three geldings and two mares. Ages ranged from 8-16. All horses were trained for dressage. 3.2 Materials: Polar Heart Rate Transmitter Polar Accurex Plus Receiver, with tape over the first digit of the heart rate Polar Advantage Interface System 2.01 Stethoscope Watch Pen and paper to record results Preliminary 1F dressage test 3.3 Data collection: 1. Each subject underwent a normal warm-up before the trial commences. 2. Each trial consisted of two phases- the dressage test and the warm-down. 3. The dressage test performed was the Preliminary 1F test 4. Warm-down consisted of a walk on a loose rein 5. Heart rates were taken at the following intervals during the dressage test: n 2 minutes n 4 minutes n 6 minutes 6. During the warm-down, heart rates were taken at the following intervals: n 2 minutes n 4 minutes n 6 minutes n 8 minutes n 10 minutes The rider wore a watch set to alarm to signal each two-minute interval 7. The following heart rate variables were recorded: ˇ Manual for 10 secs (BPM10) ˇ Manual for 30 secs (BPM30) ˇ Electronic, using the Polar Horse-Trainer Heart Rate Monitor (POLAR) 8. To take each heart rate the procedure was as follows: n rider dismounted n rider pressed the button on the heart rate watch (receiver) to record the electronic heart rate n the watch was taped over the first digit of the heart rate readout, so the rider was not aware of the digital heart rate recorded n rider found the horses heart beat, using the stethoscope positioned on the left ride of the girth n rider counted the heart beats for 10 seconds (timed on watch) and recorded result with pen and paper. Rider continued to count until beats were counted for a total of 30 seconds. 9. After heart rates were recorded, rider remounted and continued from where the test ceased. 3.4 Data Analysis
The Polar heart rate receiver was downloaded by way of the Polar Advantage Interface System onto Polar Precision Performance software 2.1 to enable heart rate analysis. The heart rate at the set time periods was recorded into Microsoft Excel. The raw data from the 10 and 30 second measurements were also entered into an Excel spreadsheet after the conclusion of each trial. Once all the raw data was collected, heart rates were converted to beats per minute before being transferred to the SPSS statistical package (Student Version). Using SPSS, descriptive statistics for each variable were calculated; mean, range and standard deviation. Three two-tailed t tests were conducted, for non-independent or paired samples. The confidence level chosen was 95%, or a =0.05. Degrees of freedom were 74 for the first two tests, and 79 for the third. The t tests determined whether the differences between the means of each method of heart rate measurement were statistically significant. The first t test compared the means of the 30-second manual method (BPM30) with the Polar electronic method (POLAR). The second test compared the 10-second manual method (BPM10) with the baseline- the Polar electronic measurement (POLAR). The third test compared the two manual methods (BPM10 and BPM30). A comparison of each pair of variables was graphed, using SPSS software. Scattergrams were created to display the information graphically and allow for a visual interpretation through a range of values. 4. Results The mean for each variable is shown is table 1. The means for BPM10 and BPM30 are relatively similar, while the differences between the means of BPM10 and BPM30 to that of POLAR are much greater. The standard deviation for POLAR is higher than BPM10 by 10.66, and higher than BPM30 by 12.02. Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the three variables The paired samples t test results are shown in Table 2. The results show that for the given confidence level (a =0.05), the difference between the means for BPM30 and POLAR are statistically significant. The mean for POLAR is significantly higher than the mean of BPM30. The difference in the means for BMP10 and POLAR are also statistically significant; again, the mean for POLAR is significantly higher than the mean for the manual measurement, in this case BPM10 (see table 2). For a 95% confidence level, the difference between the means of the two manual methods; BPM10 and BPM30 are statistically significant. The mean for BPM10 is significantly higher than the mean for BPM30 (see table 2). Table 2. Paired Sample T-test Results The scattergram graph of the results (see figure 1) shows that the higher the heart rate recorded by the Polar heart rate monitor (POLAR), the more inaccurate the manual method (BPM30) becomes. At a heart rate of 40bpm, the manual method is reasonably accurate. However, at 60bpm and over, BPM30 becomes increasingly lower than the POLAR value. Figure 1. Scattergram: Polar vs. 30-second measurement The graph comparing POLAR with BPM10 shows a similar trend, if less exaggerated, to that of figure 1. It can be seen that BPM10 is reasonably accurate at heart rates of 40 as measured by the Polar heart rate monitor. At 60BPM and above, BPM10 becomes increasingly inaccurate. Figure 2. Scattergram: Polar vs. 10-second measurement Figure 3 allows a comparison of the accuracy of BMP10 and BPM30 to be made, against the baseline of POLAR. It can be seen that BPM10 is more accurate than BPM30 for POLAR heart rates of over 40bpm. The difference between BPM10 and BPM30 becomes more pronounced in the higher heart rate ranges of 100 to 120 bpm. Figure 3. Scattergram: Polar vs. 10-second and 30-second measurement 5. Discussion The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the heart rates obtained by manual methods, when compared to heart rates obtained by the use of an electronic heart rate monitor. Both manual methods resulted in means that were significantly lower than those obtained using the Polar heart rate monitor. The manual methods became increasingly inaccurate at higher heart rates. This is consistent with the literature which states that heart rates can drop considerably in 30 seconds once exercise has ceased. Heart rates may in fact be less than half their initial value (Ackland 1998). Similarly, Krzywanek et al. (1970) demonstrated the rapid speed with which equine heart rate varies by finding that heart rates reached maximal levels from rest in an average of 22 seconds in race horses. Thus, by counting the heart beats for thirty seconds, an average for this period will be obtained, as during those thirty seconds, the heart rate can drop considerably. This is also true, to a lesser extent, when counting the beats for ten seconds. The results reflect this, showing that BPM30 is more inaccurate that BPM10, particularly in the higher heart rate ranges of 100-120bpm. It can be expected that heart rate will decrease with greater rapidity from ranges such as 100-120bpm, as compared to ranges of 40-60bpm. The results lend support to this supposition. The manual method of obtaining heart rates usually requires the rider to dismount to take the reading. This was the process that was used in this study. Observations suggest that heart rate drops significantly once the rider dismounts, even if the horse was only walking when the rider dismounted. In an attempt to minimise the bias this creates, the POLAR recording was taken immediately after the rider dismounted, immediately followed by the manual recordings. However, it is likely that the heart rate continued to drop during the manual readings. A study that obtained manual measurements while mounted would therefore be very interesting. This could be achieved by having a helper to take the manual heart rate while the rider remained mounted. The study design included adequate warm-up time for all subjects before commencement of the trial. A sufficient warm-up results in an increase in heart rate and oxygen transport to working muscles. If exercise is not preceded by a warm-up, heart rate will only increase slowly to reach its maximum value after 2-4 minutes during maximal exercise (Evans and Rose, 1988 quoted in Evans, 2000). This study looked at heart rate values with a range of 25-125bpm (POLAR). It can be expected that for heart rate values in excess of 125 bpm (heart rates in excess of this level would be found in most medium intensity workouts, for most equine sports with the possible exception of dressage) the accuracy of manual methods when compared with electronic methods would be further decreased. This is due to an expected larger decrease in heart rate during the 10/30 second monitoring period. Further studies into this area would be of benefit. During the trials, a number of problems associated with both the manual and electronic methods of determining heart rate became apparent. Problems associated with the manual method include the following: ˇ the need to dismount to take each reading. This reduced the practicality of this method ˇ at lower heart rates it is sometimes difficult to hear the heart beat, particularly in windy condition ˇ measurements sometimes need to be re-started if the horse moves, interfering with the ability to hear the heart rate ˇ Using the BPM10 method , an error of one beat in recording translates to an error of 6bpm. Only multiples of 6 are able to be calculated ˇ Using the BPM30 method, an error of one beat in recording translates to an error of 2bpm Problems associated with the electronic method of obtaining heart rate include the following: ˇ some measurements are not recorded due to drop out or interference ˇ it is sometimes difficult to gain a reading, necessitating manipulation of the position of the electrodes. This problem mainly occurs in cold weather, when the horse is not sweating, creating difficulties in maintaining conduction with the electrode 6. Conclusion The main advantage of manual methods of obtaining heart rates will always be the accessibility of this method to the largest number of people, due to its inexpensive nature, and ease of use in terms of the limited knowledge required. The results of this study indicate however, that it is not a suitable method for serious competitors wishing to maximise performance. 7. Reference List 1. Ackland, J., 1998, Precision training, Reed Books, Auckland. 2. Craig, N. and Nunan, M. 1998, Heart Rate Training for Horses, Eureka Quality Printers, South Australia. 3. Evans, D., 2000, Training and fitness in athletic horses, Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, ACT. 4. Evans, D., 1985, ‘Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise and training’, Veterinary Clinic North American Equine Practitioner, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 513-531. 5. Holopherne, D., Hodgson, D., Rose, R., Courouce, A., 2000, ‘Investigation of the accuracy of a new heart rate meter for use in exercising horses’, Online, Available URL: www.pursuit-performance.com.au 6. James, A., 1998, The simple way to learn dressage tests, Equipix, Bowral. 7. Krzywanek, H., Wittke, G., Bayer, A., Borman, P/. 1970, ‘The heart rates of thoroughbred horses during a race’, Equine Veterinary Journal, vol. 2, pp. 115-117. 8. McKeever, K., 1989, ‘Using your equine heart rate meter’, Dressage and CT, April 1989, pp. 31-34. 8.0 APPENDICES
8.1 Raw Data Bpm for 10sec Sample Bpm for 30sec Sample Bpm for Polar HRM66 58 61 72 60 125 60 52 68 42 46 56 42 44 54 36 42 48 36 42 45 42 46 31 54 54 82 66 60 79 60 54 74 48 40 50 48 48 35 42 38 18 48 40 50 42 44 . 54 52 . 66 56 97 48 46 . 48 44 50 48 44 51 42 42 47 48 42 46 42 40 52 48 50 71 54 52 . 54 50 69 48 44 54 48 48 50 42 36 48 42 44 52 42 42 51 30 26 72 36 36 48 42 30 53 36 26 46 36 30 46 36 28 49 42 34 46 42 36 25 42 48 75 60 60 122 60 50 83 54 54 77 54 52 74 60 54 70 48 48 68 54 52 66 66 48 95 66 52 121 54 44 79 48 52 71 54 52 64 48 52 63 54 50 64 54 50 66 54 52 71 60 50 94 48 48 64 48 46 60 48 46 61 48 44 53 42 42 51 42 42 49 60 48 88 60 50 95 60 52 77 54 50 59 54 50 54 48 46 52 48 46 47 48 44 53 54 42 77 66 56 90 48 52 64 54 50 57 42 44 55 48 46 54 48 44 54 48 46 52 Mean 50 46 63
8.2 1F dressage test Preliminary 1F Average Time: 6 mins
(Test taken from James, 1998) |
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