Lószállítás, ló kiképzés,
Lovas oktatás, hirdetések
Takarmányok (széna, zab, szalma,
lótápok)
hirdetési rendszere
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Mangalarga-
Marchador |
M |
Dél Amerika
Brazilia |
| Fajta ismertető |
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http://www.gangpferde-forum.de/Rassen/mm.htm
http://www.marchadores.de/
http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/mangalar/Index.htm
http://www.universidadedocavalo.com.br/
http://www.abccmm.org.br/
http://www.mangalarga.com.br/
http://www.cavalomangalarga.com.br
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História
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O CAVALO MANGALARGA
Com essa denominaçao, tornou-se famosa uma
populaçao equina, no sul de Minas Gerais,
limítrofe com Sao Paulo, na primeira década
do século passado.Posteriormente membros
da família JUNQUEIRA, responsáveis por essa
criaçao, mudaram-se para o Estado de Sao
Paulo e com eles trouxeram sua montarias.
A famosa raça de equinos logo contagiou os
Paulistas, que adotaram e a disseminaram
por todo o Estado de Sao Paulo e Estados
vizinhos. Traçar um histórico da raça Mangalarga
equivale narrar a história da família JUNQUEIRA.
Foram eles os forjadores da Raça, seus primeiros
criadores.O início da seleçao da Raça Mangalarga
deu-se em 1812 na fazenda Campo Alegre, em
Baependi, hoje município de Cruzília, onde
o Barao de Alfenas instalou-se. Consta, ainda
que nesta data, teria o Barao recebido de
presente do Princípe Regente D.Joao VI um
cavalo Álter, que passou a usar como garanhao
em suas éguas. Os animais oriundos destes
acasalamentos se constituíram nos formadores
da Raça Mangalarga. Origem, denominaçao e
formaçao da raça
A Raça nacional Mangalarga tem como formador
principal o cavalo Álter de Portugal. Provavelmente
foi Napoleao Bonaparte, ao invadir Portugal,
obrigando Dom Joao VI a mudar-se com a corte
para o Brasil, quem primeiro contribuiu para
a formaçao desta raça. Com Dom Joao VI vieram
também os melhores espécimes da raça Álter
da Coudelaria Real de Álter do Chao. Se o
principal formador do cavalo Mangalarga é
o cavalo Álter de Portugal, entretanto no
início deste século, muitos criadores introduziram,
esporadicamente, no Mangalarga, as raças
Árabe, Anglo Árabe, Puro Sangue Ingles e
American Sadle Horse. Nao somos nem a favor
nem contra ao que foi feito. O fato é que
hoje já dispomos de um número elevado de
cavalos de alto valor zootécnico, que nada
perde para outras raças estrangeiras, portanto,
nao nos cabe mais analisar o caminho seguido
para consegui-lo. Somos no entanto virtualmente
contra cruzamentos com raças exóticas, no
pé em que estamos. Muito pouco temos a ganhar
com eles, uma vez que temos mais de cem anos
de seleçao de marcha trotada, resistencia
e rusticidade a arriscar.
ASSOCIAÇAO - FUNDAÇAO E HISTÓRICO
Como foi dito, o Cavalo Mangalarga foi trazido
do sul de Minas para Sao Paulo por volta
de 1812. Entretanto desde sua introduçao
em terras Bandeirantes até a fundaçao da
A.C.C.R. Mangalarga, cada criador orientava-se
pelos seus próprios critérios, agindo isoladamente,
constituindo-se em energias dispersas.Em
1928,o zootécnisita Paulo de Lima Correa,
através de um profundo estudo lançou as bases
da caracterizaçao do cavalo Mangalarga. Entusiasmado
com a dedicaçao do técnico, dois criadores
paulistas, Dr. Celso Torquato Junqueira e
Renato Junqueira Neto, reuniram um grupo
de criadores com a finalidade de definirem
os critérios a serem usados na sua seleçao.
A comissao organizadora, de dez membros,
ficou assim constituída:
Eduardo Ralston, Gabriel Jorge Franco, Paulo
de Lima Correa, Agusto de Oliveira Lopes,
Celso Torquato Junqueira, Renato Junqueira
Neto, Humberto S.Pereira Lima, Saulo Junqueira
Franco, Antonio Uchôa Filho, Antonio Junqueira
Franco.
Esta comissao através de sucessivas reunioes,
elaborou o anteprojeto dos estatutos que
seria apresentado a Assembleia Geral convocada
para a fundaçao da A.C.C.R.M.
Em 25 de setembro de 1934, na cidade de Sao
Paulo, as quinze horas, na sede da Associaçao
Herde Book Caracu, sita a Av.Água Branca,
53, instalou-se a Assembéia especialmente
convocada com o fim de se fundar o registro
genealógico do CAVALO MANGALARGA, foi eleita
a Primeira Diretoria, que ficou assim formada:
Presidente : Renato Junqueira Neto
1.Vice-Presidente : Eduardo Ralston
2. Vice-Presidente : Gabriel Jorge Franco
1. Secretário: Augusto Oliveira Lopes
2. Secretário: Dr. Otto Stephan
Tesoureiro : Celso Torquato Junqueira
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The Mangalarga Marchador
by Christiana Guerra
Brasil, one of the world's largest countries,
with centuries of close political and cultural
ties to Portugal and the Iberian peninsula,
today boasts the largest population of horses
descending directly from Iberian stock. More
than 50% of all registered horses in this
part of South America still reflect the influence
and characteristics of the famous horses
of the Conquistadors, the Jennet. Here, the
Mangalarga Marchador, Crioulo and Campolina
breeds account for 350,000 horses, twice
as many as Quarter Horses. The most popular
of them is the Mangalarga Marchador, the
National Horse of Brasil.
Origins
Not unlike the horses of Andalucia or the
coastal plains of Peru, the Mangalarga is
the product of a rich agricultural area and
its haciendas. There the farmers and ranchers
have always valued an enduring horse with
a smooth and comfortable ride and superb
temperament. After all, they spent a large
part of their work day on horseback. In 1807,
when the armies of Napoleon threatened Portugal,
the royal family withdrew to Brasil. They
remained past the French occupation and,
in 1815, made Brasil a separate kingdom.
D. Joao VI succeeded to both thrones, ruling
the home country of Portugal through a council
of regency. When D. Joao left Portugal, he
brought with him some of the finest horses
of the breeding farm Coudelaria Alter do
Chao. It is said that in 1812, Prince Pedro
I, who later was named Emperor of Brasil,
presented one of his fine stallions as a
gift to his friend Gabriel Francisco Junqueira,
Baron of Alfenas and the owner of the established
breeding farm Hacienda Campo Alegre. Gabriel's
father had established Campo Alegre and horse
breeding seventy years earlier in the state
of Minas Gerais. With its capitol city of
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais was one of Brazil's
richest areas, famous for iron, gold and
diamond mining, cattle ranching and extensive
agricultural production. With the arrival
of the stallion Sublime, the foundation of
the modern Mangalarga horse was laid. Sublime
was bred to the native mares of Spanish Jennet
and Barb blood, many of which were fast and
smooth amblers. The first offspring produced
from this cross were called Sublime horses.
The name Mangalarga comes from the Hacienda
Mangalarga which acquired stock from Campo
Alegre and awakened interest in the horse
among local ranchers. They soon began to
go to the south of Minas Gerais to buy their
own horses from Campo Alegre. The horses'
smooth, cadenced and rhythmic gait, the marcha,
contributed the second part to the name,
Mangalarga Marchador. From these early beginnings,
the Mangalarga Marchador has been selectively
bred for over 180 years and it is said that
no other breed has been crossed in. The first
breeders organization, the Associaçao dos
Criadores do Cavalo Marchador de Raça Mangalarga
was established in Belo Horizonte in 1949
with the major goals to set breed standards
and to promote and distinguish the Mangalarga
Marchador as a unique breed, principally
with regard to its gait. The group is now
called the Associaçao Brasileira dos Criadores
do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador (ABCCMM) and
boasts 7,000 members and close to 190,000
registered horses. When introduced to the
neighboring state of Sao Paulo, some blood
of Arabian, Thoroughbred and American Saddlebred
origin found itOs way into the breeding programs,
leading to a separate registry of Mangalarga
Paulista horses in 1934. The traditional
breeding of Mangalarga Marchador horses though,
has concentrated on the original pure foundation
lines from Hacienda Campo Alegre. Genetic
studies of these lines show many species
with very little or no outside influences.
These lines proved to produce horses that
were sure footed, graceful, comfortable and
of excellent temperament.
Breed Characteristics
The Mangalarga Marchador is of good size
with an average height of over 15 hands and
weighing 900 to 1100 pounds. Horses smaller
than 14.2 hands are not being accepted for
registration. Most colors are represented
in the breed with grays, bays and chestnuts
being the most popular. The horses are well
known for their keen intelligence, docile
nature, undying stamina and regal bearing,
but most of all, for their incredibly smooth
and fluid ride even at high speeds. The head
is triangular in shape with a straight profile
and rounded over the nose region, typical
of the Barb horse. The coat is fine and silky
and the mane and tail are full. The neck
is of medium length, sufficient for the horse
to be well balanced for riding and reining.
It is well arched and muscular, inserted
in the top third of the chest to allow for
a proud, high carriage. The thorax is deep
and allows for great lung capacity, one of
the reasons for the legendary stamina of
the breed. The back is of medium length with
short and well muscled loins. The gaskin
and forearm tend to be long, well muscled
and articulated and the cannons are short.
The pasterns and hooves are at the slightly
lower angle typical of Spanish horses. This
allows him to overreach well and without
excessive stress to his suspensories.
The Gaits
The Mangalarga Marchador has two special
gaits or marchas, the marcha picada and the
marcha batida. Which gait is superior is
always subject to debate and it seems to
boil down to the personal preference of the
individual breeder. In Portuguese, picada
stands for a light touch and of the two marchas,
the marcha picada is a bit smoother. It is
a broken pace and therefore creates little
vertical movement. This gait is characterized
by the movement of the animal's legs in a
lateral sequence, with periods of triple
hooves support. The principal advantage of
this lateral four beat gait is its greater
smoothness resulting from the periods of
triple hooves support and from the overreach.
The gait can be sustained for long periods
of time, allowing the rider hours of enjoyable
riding with little discomfort. The timing
of foot falls is similar to the paso llano
of the Peruvian Paso Horse. Batida means
to hit and describes the gait considered
to be a broken trot. It is characterized
by the movements of the legs in a diagonal
pattern, also with moments of triple support
and a four beat sequence. This gait, unlike
a trot, shows very little suspension (all
the legs in the air) as the horses are always
in contact with the ground. This creates
stability and smoothness. The longer and
more frequent the moments of triple hooves
support are, the more comfortable the gait
will be. On flat ground, performing the batida
at a normal speed, the hind foot overreaches
the track of the forefoot on the same side,
adding to the smoothness of the ride. In
this gait the timing of the footfalls is
similar to the trocha gait seen in Colombian
Horses.
Performance and Versatility
Not unlike the Swiss army knife, the Mangalarga
Marchador is very versatile and can fulfill
many functions and perform a variety of tasks.
They include the management of large agricultural
farms and cattle ranches and a number of
non specialized sports, such as cutting,
endurance riding, trail and pleasure riding,
jumping and polo. In 1994, two 60-year-old
Brazilian men completed a 8,694 miles trail
ride to prove the stamina of the Mangalarga
Marchador. For one and a half years they
rode all day and rested at night, all with
the same horses. This was a defiance for
the breed and the feat was recorded in The
Guiness Book of World Records. In its effort
to preserve and perfect the essential characteristics
of the breed, the ABCCMM holds annual tests
and competitions where conformation and type,
gait and functional performance are being
judged. The national points ranking system
highlights the winning horses and breeders
and many competitions attract exhibitors
with cash purses. Gait classes are rigorous
and normally last about an hour, during which
the horse is judged for executing its gait
with carriage, brio and elegance with consistent
timing over a wide range of speed. Functional
performance testing includes reining competitions,
cross country events and endurance tests
over distances from 32 to 62 miles. Top honors
for breeding animals are awarded to horses
with the high point score from a combination
of all the above tests. Shows and competitions
for Mangalarga horses are very popular all
across Brasil. In 1995, the city of Belo
Horizonte alone saw 27 shows and competitions
with over 1500 exhibitors and close to 4400
horses. The tack used for the Mangalarga
is simple. The saddle commonly used is similar
to an Australian stock saddle. The headset
is clean cut and a snaffle bit is usually
employed. The attire used in showing the
Mangalarga in Brazil varies from region to
region but it is always colorful and unique.
Expanding the Frontiers Outside Brazil, the
Mangalarga Marchador has been received enthusiastically
by Spanish horse aficionados and admirers
of smooth four beat gaited horses alike.
With its gentle temperament, stamina, comfortable
ride, versatility and willingness to perform,
this breed adds yet another color to the
incredible mosaic of horses with Spanish
ancestry around the world. Germany was the
first foreign country to be conquered by
the Mangalarga Marchador breed by the end
of the 1980's. Today, there is already a
well established German Mangalarga Marchador
breeders association and the horses compete
in many shows around the country. The breed
can now be found in Portugal, Italy, Spain,
Switzerland, Holland and many South American
countries. Mangalargas finally arrived in
the United States in 1991. The Brazilians,
Gabriel Andrade and Lucas Guerra have pioneered
the introduction of the Mangalarga Marchador
to the United States and brought some horses
to Miami, Florida. With its legendary stamina,
excellent cow sense, great versatility and
supported by the growing popularity of smooth
riding gaited breeds, the Mangalarga Marchador
is sure to be a great success here as well.
As the Brazilian breeders association's motto
says, it is truly a breed without frontiers.
© Copyright 1997, Amigo Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved
Sources of Information about the Mangalarga
Marchador:
1. Criaçao e Adestramento de Cavalos Marchadores
(Breeding and Training Paso Horses) by Lucio
Sergio de Andrade 19, Third Edition, 1992.
Editora Líttera Maciel, Rua Hum 157, Cincao,
Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
2. International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds
by Bonnie L. Hendricks, 1996. University
of Oklahoma Press, 1005 Asp Avenue, Norman,
OK 73019-0445.
3. ABCCMM - Associaçao Brasileira dos Criadores
do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador, Rua Goitacazes
14, 13o Edifício Bom Destino, 30'000 Belo
Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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